Physics (fi-sixs) Electronics (e-lec-tro-niks)

                 For   Mommies and Kiddies

 

 

 

*For Mr. Calasanz

In our explanation of electronics, we tried simplifying the terms, devices and their uses by comparing them to the traffic schemes.  We thought that it would be the closest and simplest way to make mommies and kiddies familiar with electronics.  We also defined them and gave their practical uses in basic words so that they could understand it better in application. - Marc Lihan and April Rey

Hello! We'd like to teach you a little about electronics.  It's so easy! It's very much like traffic that you encounter everyday in the city.  How? Read on...

 

Basic Terms

Current – It is the flow of electricity

            Flow of traffic

            - Why? Because you get to places faster sometimes when there is no traffic.

                There are other times when you get stuck on traffic.  It's pretty much like

                the current.  Some device affects the flow of current by stopping, or

                slowing the current down.

Voltage – How powerful the flow of current is

            Number of the cars: there are different numbers of cars at different times.

                For example, there are more cars traveling during the rush hour 

                and there are almost no cars during Sundays   

 

Devices

Resistor (re-sis-tor) - They limit the flow of current

            -They have four colors.  Each color represents a number or place

                value depending on the order of that color.

            Humps or orange cones

            - Just like how humps slow down cars when you pass through them or how the orange

               cones make cars move into a single line if they are arranged in such a way.

Capacitors (ka-pa-si-tor)

            -Regulates the flow of current.

            -Always connect the positive side to the +5 volts

                and negative side to the ground.

            *Warning: if the said condition is not implemented, the capacitor will explode.

             You can compare it to how the traffic light regulates traffic. It makes the other lane go

                while the other lane is put to stop.

Potentiometer (po-ten-sho-mi-ter)

            -Adjusts the flow of currents

            -Makes the blinking action either faster or slower

            -Sound adjustor

            MMDA traffic enforcers – someone who cannot direct traffic properly (you can be

                        one!) Sometimes the traffic enforcer allows traffic to go through in one lane

                        longer and not the same time on the other.

LED – Light Emitting Diode

            -A small bulb that lights up when current passes through it.

            This is an easy one. Take it as it is.

           

Integrated Circuits

            555 – alternating high and low current

                 Speed of the stoplight, it's turns red, telling you

                    to stop and it turns green, making you move

                    * in terms of electronics, red means low current and

                    green is high current

                   

 

 

 

   * a bit returns either 1 or 0; we represent each bit with a tollgate. If a bit is 1, the tollgate is open, if it's 0 then it's closed

    
            74xx93 – 4 bit that counts from 0-15 in decimal

                 Tollgates (4 entrances) – allows cars to leave at a certain manner depending if the

                    tollgates are closed or opened

                   

            74xx47 – synchronizes the counting action of the LEDs with the counter

     - determines to what number the clock will count

 

Logic Gates – Tollgate with 2 entrance gate that let cars pass depending on a certain condition

 

 

 

                         open                                                       closed    

                                   Gate can either let the car enter or not.

                   1.  Exclusive NOR - It opens only if there is one car present at a specific time

                   2.  AND gates – it opens only if there are 2 cars present at the same time

3.  OR gates – it opens if at least one car is present

                   4.  NOR gates – it opens only if there is no car

                  5.  NAND gates – it closes when there are two cars present                  

 

 

 

 

 

Black box –   used to play with the output from given inputs

               It is like a collection of tollgates
 

                                   7-segement display – compose of 7 LEDs

                                           - to show numbers from 0-9

                                            Traffic reporter, because it returns

                                            what's going on, like how the device

                                            forms a number though the lights

2n2222 – Transistor: it amplifies current; it is a crystal with three

                doped regions. It has three parts, the base, the collector and the

                emitter.

            *Warning!!! – when charged do not touch because

                it is very hot; this may mean that you destroyed the transistor

             It's just like a bendable bridge. If the operator allows the bridge to be passable for vehicles, then there is a follow

                of traffic but if it's broken into two, then there will be no cars that will be able to pass. In a transistor, if the base

                has little current flowing through it, it would allow the current coming from the collector to go to the emitter, and

                the opposite would happen if there is no current flowing through the base.

                   

                                Operational-Amplifiers (a.k.a. Op Amps) – multiplies the output

                                                according to gain

                                                            The Op Amp could either make the output

                                                    higher or lower, just like how a tunnel could make

                                                    only a few cars go through it a couple at a time and how

                                                    the highway could allow many cars go through it.

Sensor (Sen-sor) – changes the flow of the current depending on the light around it

               Sensors light up when it senses little or no light, it works like the street lamps.

                They give light automatically when night approaches.

Flip-flop – is like a memory that contains a bit of information

                   Let's just say, it's like the meter inside the car that measures how many miles the car traveled already.

Diode – one-way valve

        Just like one way street, it only allows the current to flow in one direction